- Low-Z particle EPMA measurements were carried out on a JEOL JSM-6390 SEM equipped with an Oxford Link SATW ultrathin window energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector. X-ray spectra were recorded under the control of INCA software (Oxford). An accelerating voltage of 10 kV, beam current of 0.5 nA, and a typical measuring time of 15 s were employed. - ATR-FT-IR imaging measurements were performed using a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 100 FT-IR spectrometer interfaced to a Spectrum Spotlight 400 FT-IR microscope. For ATR imaging, an ATR accessory employing a germanium hemispherical internal reflection element (IRE) crystal with a diameter of 600 μm was used. A new single particle analytical methodology that combines low-Z particle EPMA and ATR-FT-IR imaging technique will be developed to obtain the full description for the micro-physicochemical properties of the same individual Antarctic aerosol particles.