We provide labeled hyperspectral reflectance datasets for Arctic vegetation. The datasets consist of hyperspectral reflectance spectra for dominant plant species and environment classes (e.g., soil and bareground) in Adventdalen, on the Spitsbergen Island of the Svalbard archipelago. These datasets were constructed by extracting pixel data from hyperspectral images captured using a terrestrial hyperspectral camera (Specim IQ, Specim Ltd., Oulu, Finland). The wavelength range of the data spans from visible to near-infrared (VNIR, 400 nm – 1000 nm), with a total of 204 spectral bands. The pixels associated with the classes were identified and labeled using visual inspection and field surveys. Ten classes were investigated, including Dryas octopetala (Leaf), Dryas octopetala (Flower), Eriophorum scheuchzeri (Leaf), Eriophorum scheuchzeri (Leaf), Cassiope tetragona (Flower), Cassiope tetragona (Dead), Equisetum arvense (Leaf), Salix polaris (Leaf), Soil (Mixed), and Bareground. The spectral library was developed using the average spectra of each class.